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The Cache and memory Hierarchy

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  The cache and memory Hierarchy: L 1 cache for each SM and a single L2 cache for all operations (load, store and texture).   Registers 32K of 32-bit registers make up each SM.The registers of only its own thread are accessible by each thread. A CUDA kernel is permitted to employ a maximum of 63 registers.As the  workload (and hence resource requirements) rise with the number of threads, the number of accessible registers smoothly decreases from 63 to 21.About 8,000 GB/s is the approximate bandwidth of registers .   L1+Shared Memory   On-chip memory that can be utilised to transfer data between multiple threads or to cache data for individual threads (register spilling/L1 cache) (shared memory). Both 48 KB of shared memory and 16 KB of L1 cache and 16 KB of shared memory with 48 KB of L1 cache are options for this 64 KB of memory. Shared memory makes it possible for threads to work together within a single thread block, allowing large on-chip data reuse, an...
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An Overview Of Fermi Architecture

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What is Fermi? A graphics processing unit (GPU) microarchitecture created by Nvidia with the codename "Fermi" was initially made available to consumers in April 2010 as a replacement for the Tesla microarchitecture. It served as the main microarchitecture for the GeForce 400 and GeForce 500 series graphics cards. It was succeeded by Kepler and utilized in conjunction with Kepler in the GeForce 600, 700, and 800 series, the latter two only being found in mobile GPUs. Fermi was employed by Nvidia Tesla computing modules, the Quadro x000 series, and Quadro NVS products in the workstation market. Fermi GPUs for mobile devices were produced in 40nm and 28nm, respectively, for all desktop Fermi GPUs. The earliest microarchitecture from NVIDIA to get support for Microsoft's rendering is Fermi. An overview of Fermi Architecture: Up to 512 CUDA cores are available on the first GPU built on the Fermi architecture, which has 3.0 billion transistors. Each clock for a thread, a CUDA c...
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Programming Model

The Programming Model  The complexity of the Fermi structure is controlled via way of means of a multi- degree programming version that permits software program builders to attention on set of rules layout in place of the info of a way to map the set of rules to the hardware, hence enhancing productivity. In NVIDIA’s CUDA software program platform, in addition to within side the industry- popular OpenCL framework, the computational factors of algorithms are referred to as kernels (a time period right here tailored from its use in sign processing in place of from running systems). An utility or library characteristic may also include one or greater kernels. Once compiled, kernels include many threads that execute the identical software in parallel: one thread is like one generation of a loop. In an image-processing set of rules , for example, one thread may also function on one pixel, even as all of the threads together—the kernel— may also ...
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